Sửa 13,4 → 13,44

\(Gọi : n_{Fe} = a(mol) ; n_{Zn} = b(mol)\\ \Rightarrow 56a + 65b = 35,4(1)\\ Fe + 2HCl \to FeCl_2 + H_2\\ Zn + 2HCl \to ZnCl_2 + H_2\\ n_{H_2} = a + b = \dfrac{13,44}{22,4} = 0,6(2)\\ (1)(2) \Rightarrow a = 0,4 ; b = 0,2\\ m_{Fe}= 0,4.56 = 22,4(gam)\\ m_{Zn} = 0,2.65 = 13(gam)\)

\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)

\(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)

Ta có: 56n_Fe + 65n_Zn = 35,4 (1)

Theo PT: \(n_{H_2}=n_{Fe}+n_{Zn}=\dfrac{13,44}{22,4}=0,6\left(mol\right)\left(2\right)\)

Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Fe}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\n_{Zn}=0,2\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Fe}=0,4.56=22,4\left(g\right)\\m_{Zn}=0,2.65=13\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: Zn + 2HCl -->ZnCl₂ + H₂

____0,2<----------------------0,2

=> m_Zn = 0,2.65 = 13 (g)

m_Cu = m_{rắn không tan} = 19,5 (g)

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%Zn=\dfrac{13}{13+19,5}.100\%=40\%\\\%Cu=\dfrac{19,5}{13+19,5}.100\%=60\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

`n_(H_2)=4,48/22,4=0,2 (mol)`

Ta có PTHH: `Zn+2HCl --> ZnCl_2 +H_2`

Theo PT:       `1`--------------------------------`1`

Theo đề:       `0,2`------------------------------`0,2`

`m_(Zn)=0,2.65=13(g)`

Vì `Cu` không phản ứng với `HCl` nên `m_(chất rắn không tan)=m_(Cu)=19,5(gam)`

`%Zn=13/(13+19,5) .100%=40%`

`%Cu=100%-40%=60%`

Câu 1:

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ PTHH:Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\\ \Rightarrow n_{Fe}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{Fe}=0,1\cdot56=5,6\left(g\right)\\ \Rightarrow\%_{Fe}=\dfrac{5,6}{12}\cdot100\%\approx46,67\%\\ \Rightarrow\%_{Cu}\approx100\%-46,67\%=53,33\%\)

Bài 2:

\(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{13}{65}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ PTHH:Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\\ \Rightarrow n_{H_2}=n_{Zn}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow V=V_{H_2\left(đktc\right)}=0,2\cdot22,4=4,48\left(l\right)\)

Gọi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Zn}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe}=b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{15,68}{22,4}=0,7\left(mol\right)\\ m_{HCl}=200.27,375\%=54,75\left(g\right)\\ n_{HCl}=\dfrac{54,75}{36,5}=1,5\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH:

Zn + 2HCl ---> ZnCl₂ + H₂

a ----> 2a --------> a -----> a

Fe + 2HCl ---> FeCl₂ + H₂

b ---> 2b -------> b ------> b

Hệ pt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}65a+56b=43,7\\a+b=0,7\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,5\left(mol\right)\\b=0,2\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Zn}=0,5.65=32,5\left(g\right)\\m_{Fe}=0,2.56=11,2\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(m_{dd}=43,7+200-0,7.2=242,3\left(g\right)\\ \rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{ZnCl_2}=\dfrac{0,5.136}{242,3}=28,06\%\\C\%_{FeCl_2}=\dfrac{0,2.127}{242,3}=10,48\%\\C\%_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{\left(1,5-0,5.2-0,2.2\right).36,5}{242,3}=1,51\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{15,68}{22,4}=0,7\left(mol\right)\\ pthh:\left\{{}\begin{matrix}Zn+H_2SO_4->ZnSO_4+H_2\\Fe+H_2SO_4->FeSO_{\text{ 4 }}+H_2\end{matrix}\right.\)
 gọi số mol Zn là x , số mol Fe là y 
=> 65x+56y=43,7
=> a+b=0,7 
=>a=0,5 , b =0,2  
=> \(m_{Zn}=0,5.65=32,5\\ m_{Fe}=43,7-32,5=11,2\left(G\right)\)
 

1)

Fe + 2HCl --> FeCl₂ + H₂

Cu + 2H₂SO₄ --> CuSO₄ + SO₂ + 2H₂O

2)

- Xét TN1:

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3,36}{22,4}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: Fe + 2HCl --> FeCl₂ + H₂

         0,15<------------------0,15

=> m_Fe = 0,15.56 = 8,4 (g)

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{8,4}{14,8}.100\%=56,757\%\\\%m_{Cu}=100\%-56,757\%=43,243\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

3) 

- Xét TN2:

\(n_{Cu}=\dfrac{29,6.43,243\%}{64}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: Cu + 2H₂SO₄ --> CuSO₄ + SO₂ + 2H₂O

            0,2-------------------------->0,2

=> V = 0,2.22,4 = 4,48 (l)

2Al + 2H₂O + 2NaOH→ 3H₂ + 2NaAlO₂

0,2mol 0,3mol

mAl=0,2.27=5,4g

2Al + 6HCl→ 2AlCl₃+ 3H₂

0,2mol 0,3mol

Fe + 2HCl→ FeCl₂+ H₂

0,15mol 0,45-0,3 mol

mFe=0,15.56=8,4g

mCu=32,8-(6,4+8,4)=18g

%mFe=\(\frac{8,4}{32,8}.100=25,6\%\)

%mCu=\(\frac{18}{32,8}.100=54,8\%\)

%mAl=19,6%

a, \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: Zn + 2HCl → ZnCl₂ + H₂

Mol:     0,2                              0,2

(do Cu ko tác dụng với HCl loãng)

b, \(m_{Zn}=0,2.65=13\left(g\right)\)

  \(m_{Cu}=19,4-13=6,4\left(g\right)\)

Gọi $n_{Fe} = a(mol), n_{Zn} = b(mol) , n_{Al} = c(mol) \Rightarrow 56a + 65b + 27c = 20,4(1)$

$Fe + H_2SO_4 \to FeSO_4 + H_2$
$Zn + H_2SO_4 \to ZnSO_4 + H_2$
$2Al +3 H_2SO_4 \to Al_2(SO_4)_3 +3 H_2$

Theo PTHH : $n_{H_2} = a + b + 1,5c = \dfrac{10,08}{22,4} = 0,45(mol)(2)$

Mặt khác : 

$2Fe + 3Cl_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} 2FeCl_3$
$Zn + Cl_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} ZnCl_2$
$2Al + 3Cl_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} 2AlCl_3$

Theo PTHH : $n_{Cl_2} = 1,5n_{Fe} + n_{Zn} + 1,5n_{Al}$

Suy ra : \dfrac{1,5a + b + 1,5c}{a + b + c} = \dfrac{0,275}{0,2}(3)$

Từ (1)(2)(3) suy ra : a = 0,2 ; b = 0,1 ; c = 0,1

$\%m_{Fe} = \dfrac{0,2.56}{20,4}.100\% = 54,9\%$

$\%m_{Zn} = \dfrac{0,1.65}{20,4}.100\% = 31,9\%$
$\%m_{Al} = 100\% - 54,9\% - 31,9\% = 13,2\%$